falkenwalde



o. FALKENWALDE.

DUWNDRAFT BURNER. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 1. 1918.

,31 7,869 Patented Oct. 7,1919.

2 SHEETS- SHEET 2f 1,317,869.. "ppncea01i med March 7,1913.' seriaino'.221,030.

- oscsn FALKENWALDE, or BALTIMORE,

. Be it known that I, 'OsoRvFALKniiwALDm the following isaspecification. This invention f relates' to a burner for furnacesadapted to 'heat residences by hot water, hot air or steam, .or to formthe heat 'generating'units ofpowerplants.` The fuel is hydrocarbonliquid,`jusua1ly kerosene, fuel oil or the like, vaporized in the`burner and 1 Iburned-in. combinationwith water vapor.

yand an excess of air.

.Y 'invention, the fuel in liquid form isfiowed vover ah'eated surfaceinthe presenceof' an v air draft and alsuicient supply of `water' Vapor. Aportion. of the air draft forces the.v resulting fiame against' theheated -surface on which the fuel is being vaporized .1 thusmaintaining' the desired temperatureof j 4the vaporizer and mixing theVair, water and of heat from the fuel. l

'In the preferred'formiof" the invention the heated surface is theexternal surface of ,anfuprighn slightly truncated metal cone. p f, YThe main portion of the air current is drawn directly 4downyon-the coneY'so that the peak?y or up er po'rtion is kept comparatively cool. Theiquid hydrocarbon fuel is fed 'to the upper extremity or truncated endof the-cone y.

vaporized hydrocarbon under the v condition ofv high temperaturenecessary to complete combustion and the most eiicient production andHows down over it toward thebase. At

i the bottom of the-cone there is a-metal basin which during combustionattains a high tem# perature. Thisis perforated, theV perfora- ,tionsbeing directed toward the surface.l of

the cone and the draft of the furnace established inv any convenientmanner, sets up an air current through each of these apertures againstthe surface "of the cone. This, with the down draft, supplies airforcombustion and serves to blow the iiame against the surface of thecone, keeping it at'therequisite temperature to vaporize the fuelcompletely as it flows down the surface of the'cone.

tacle immediately beneath the perforated portion just described.y Wateris dropped into this receptacle from the supply' and theDOWNDRAFTQBUBNER.

' L'Specicatien of Letters Patent". A"

.to combine with the of the cone,

` ai; raton.-

NET'EIGHTH ro*l rateateaot, maare.. f

. temperature of the receptacle is keptJ Suficiently high by theproximity of the heated vparts of the burner to turn the water into'-steamwhich rises to the vicinity of the inward air-currents and is thus`drawn in and supplied tothe iame in the proper quantities gasesande''ectcornplete combustion, leaving .no carbon deposit whatever.

'In the present installations, the burner isi substituted for the gratein the usual furnace,

the grate opening being completely closed".

and'suitable filler plates being suppiied in' each instance to' fit theparticularvinstalla- 4 tion and'lill the grate opening around the Inkaccordance with the principles of the and thelair-openings, some ofwhich are ra* dial near the bottom of the "cone as described and othersof 'which pass upwardreleasing the air 1n a downward direction 'on thetop all have their intake ends at the bottom of the transverse partitionso that the pressure or suction necessary to supply lsufii-cient air forcomplete combustion results from the furnace draft whether it be natural4 "or forced. The water fed beneath the burner is turned into steam inthe .vicinity of these intake openings and .supplied with the air to ythel place of combustion,

ferredform of the invention dropped on the top of the down draft airduct on a suitable surface provided for this purpose.

I have illustrated a second form of the in-l vention, particularlyadapted for use in' installations where the available draft is lesspendent upon the draft. The water recepse.y

. To render the combustion' v'of the carbon. ..complete, water is alsosupplied to the furnace from above, preferably through `a coil which isheated by the products of combus' i tion or otherwise. This wateris, inthe prey tacle below the burner is omitted andthe water is carried up tothe hot surface from which the fuel 'is evaporated and released at thatpoint, that is, the water and the fuel are both evaporated by'flowingthemover In the first form of the invention illus; trated, thereis a thick metal water recep the saine hot surface against which thefiame is blown by the air draft. In this type of' supplied by downinstallation illustrated in Figs. 1 toil con-l duct I member 2, a waterreceptacle 3, and asint-l with radial apertures strengthened by asuitable best made in sections 'ing cone 7. The upright ducts with anysurplus carbon or high carbonl be released and air is also draft as inthe rst type.'4 Tn the accompanying drawings I have illustrated twoforms of hydrocarbon burner embodying the various features of myinvention.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the rst form, the furnace walls beingindicated diagrammatically Fig. 2 is a plan of the burner;

ases which may y Fig. 3 is an elevation partly in section on.

the line 3, 3 of Fig. 2;

the burner casting Fig. f1 is a plan of g and with the air duct castingremove Fig. 5 is an elevation of the second f orm;

corresponding to Fig. 3, lpartly in section. Referring to the drawing bynumerals, the

sists of a base plate 1, a down draftair able filler'plate or means 50for fastening and supporting the vbase plategin' the fur-y The baseplate .with the filler` forms a transverse partition across the furnace,the

joints being preferably made tight with ce-j This transverse partitionis best subf The filler plate is ment. stituted for the grate.

for convenience in 1nserting through the doors. 1 is illustrated in planin cally, in the form shown circular disk 4 `@having Fig.

tion below the level of the disk. In the cen` ter of the depressionthere is un upright hollow conical portion the outer surface of which isthe vaporizingsurface referred to.. The cone will be referred tohereinvas 'the 1 prevents vaporization of the fuel Arrangedy around thedepressed portion,

vaporizer.

preferably at equal intervals, 1 have shown a series of substantiallyrectangular open# ings 8 through the horizontal portion of the disk.These may 'of course be of any oonvenient shape andv size to give thedesired air supply but T have found the arrangement shown to iveopenings placed `at equal intervals around the circumference of thedepressed lperiphery and leaving a small margin of metal adjacent theperiphery which is bead 9- which also surrounds the openings in thecentral depression Inside the bead, each of the openings face 10. Thedown draft air duct casting 2 consists of a plurality of upright ductseach having a radial portion 12 at the top leading to a central chamber13 having an aperture 14 in its iioor directly over the peak ortruncated top 15 of the vaporizer or Vaporiz- 11 correspond in number tothe openings 8 and are formed The base plate.' 4. Specifiit consists ofa a central .depression 5 6 in the depressed porff be most eiiicient.There are' 8 is surrounded by a seating sur' at their low-er ends at 16to fit the seating surfaces or seats 10 surrounding thel aper. v

valve' therein, and a dripV cock 19 between thevburner and the needlevalve leads to the cone, a port-ion 20 of the pipe preferably be- -vingvertical and in alinementwith the axis of the cone 7 At. the'top, thepipe 2O is th'readedfor otherwise seated in the cone 7, the truncatedcross-section 15 ofthe cone being approximately pipe. Just benesupported on the upright -portion 20 of 4pipe 17,1 have shown a waterreceptacle or v-aporizer 3. lThis is centrally apertured to l admittheupright'pipe 20'and supported in position by..a collar 22 whichvpreferably is arranged to be adjusted up and down the pipel and held bymeans ofa set screw 23.

17 having a regulating the diameter of the I ath the depressed portion'5,

' the The water '.vaporizer 3 is spaced downward fromthedepressedportion 5 of theY base plate by a short distance so lheated byradiation when the burner'ls 1n operation:

l 1n Fig.

stalled in a furnace. The fuel supply is contained ina low` gravity tank25. VThe apparatus proved lby experiment to give the of asuitable feed18 and hence by 1 Tl'have shown the first form of; i the burnercompletely assembledv` and in'- best results, particularly as toeconomy, unr f, der a gravity, head of 'approximately Aone v' ico theApipe17to the upright 20 which lover- 1 fiowsfat the top top of the conedraft from the of the being down draft member 2, and at this pointy soit Hows down overthe outer surface of the cone heat on the exposedsurface of the cone.

' Water forconsum'ption vin the burneris supplied from any suitablesource as the 'gravity tank 27, shown as placed on top of the furnace.by a shut-oil' valve 29 leading from thisftaiik, ybranches at 30 formingtwo lines 31, 32 controlled by regulating valves 33', 34. The

bustion space of the furnace terminating in a coil 35 havinga centralnozzle or drip opening 36 directed downward preferably on a waterevaporating surface 37 near the' pipe 32 leads yto the upper part of thecom` truncated cone.' tll ie' cooled by the down' 7 ,being .vaporized bythel i i The supply pipe 28 controlledvr .shock to the heated metalparts from in perature. The pipe 31 vaporizer receptacle 3 which servesto vform steam in the vicinity of the inlet ends of the air openings sothat all the air fed tov the burneris charged with water vapor, it beingunderstood that the radiation from the burner is" suificient to keepthis vaporizer at a temperature high enough to form steam immediatelyfrom way.`

An advantage of .t is that the regulating valves 33, 34 maybe setpermanentlyto g1ve the desired feed,'the

v-alve`29`being used merely asa lshut-o for both nozzles. 'v ,v Thesecondv form of the inventionis par-v .i duction ofv heat.

" vicinity of the air inlet openings and thus.

the present instance,

ticularly adapted for found insulicient to convey tions to the fuel andair the water instead of being vaporized in theconveyed lto. the pointof vaporization -and combustion lof the fuel, is delivered to the 3osurface of the fuel i vaporizing cone ina manner somewhat similar tothemanner of feeding the fuel vas already described. In as illustrated,this is" accomplished by means of an enlarged pipe 40 inclosing theupright lfuel pipe 20 leading to the apex of the cone. threaded at itsupper end at 41 This p-ipe is to fit into the truncated conical fuelvaporizer i' at a point where the inner surface of the vcone reaches i40 .the requisitediameter,. this pipe'being fed by a suitablewater'pipe' 42 corresponding to fthe vpipe 31 in Fig.f'1. The'water isreleased idp-: perforations, as shown,

one opposite each of the temperature; this also in case an excess -of g.water is supplied, prevents spreading of the water over the ducts'.thus avoiding impact of' cold water on the hot casting'.

In this form of the burner, the waterand the fuel being both vaporizedon the same surface against which the ame is projected by the inward aircurrents drawn through the openings 6, are thoroughly comlninglel at thepoint of combustion and completo combination or burning of all theelementsf of the fuel to the most stable compounds or higher oXids takesplace. However. 1t is found advantageous to feed water to the top of thedown draft du ternal stresses due to sudden changesof temleads to theWater -1 all water supplied vin this e arrangement shown l ing the fuel`to How lover the surface use where `thefdr'aft is,- `cone has alreadybeen' the' water vapor point of `combustion in the propornecessary tocoin-v plete combustion and the most eiiicient 'proi .This form isillustrated4 in Fig. 5, the important difference being that with the airdrawn in fed in with the air draft through members directing an airby-perforations in .the-conel? between the point where' the upper end,ofl-the fuel plpe 45j duct's 1 1. This brings them op the parts in theprovided-with a starter ring or wick 43.

In starting this 'wick or ring which is preferably of asbestos fiber, issaturated with coal oil, or the wick may be omitted and the depressionv5 below the perforations 6. filled with starting Huid, as alcohol,kerosene or gasolene. By fuel at this point, the fuel vaporizer isheated to a suiicient temperature t'o vaporize the fuel. When the valve18 is opened causmount in the pipe 20 and of the cone''?, as the heated,vaporization takes-place and the vapor burns combining throughy theopenings kerosene, gasolene or ct by means of thepipe v burning somesuitable light 6. These air jets tend to force the flame I against thecone and concentrate the heat at that point causing quick and completevafporizat-ion of the fuel.v "watersupplyis turned on,'thesame beingImmediately the vaporized in the rst form of the invention l by `contactwiththe heated. plate or water vaporizer 3 at the bottom, the vaporbeing the openor in thev 1ngs'6 and the ducts 11 and 12,

. second form, fed to the surface of the cone from-below throughopenings'M so that it is vaporized with the fuel. The tempera` ture ofthe coneand of lthe flame surround ing the cone are quickly increased,causing a corresponding increase 'of the draft and an increase of the Vtemperature ofthe vaporizer ducts 1l, 12.

he increase 0f ltemperature vof the furnace and of the duct-s 11 and 12`causes an increase of the draft through these jet or draft upon thepeak 15 of the cone 7, keeping this por- -tion of .the cone cool enoughto prevent vaporization of the fuel until it flows down theoutersurfacesof the 4cone where it is completelyvaporized in the presence ofsutiilcient air and water to prevent carbonization. When the 'burner isin full operation, the Icone 7 with the exception of the top portion l5,the down draft duct member Q, and all immediate vicinity, are heated toa bright cherry red, and the mixing and combustion processes describedtake plate with completeness, regularity and etlivciency. It will beapparent that the exposed metal surface of the cone at such atemperature cannot in the presence of a continued supply of water vaporand air accumulate carbon and itis found that not. the sligl'it-estdeposit results. The apparatus requires no attention whatever after theregulation of the fuel, water supply and furnace draft have beenaccomplished unless some change in the heat generated is desired,"inwhichcasethe fuel supply is i bon or gases both types combustion in casecombustionis not already f complete.' vThis extra water supply is.

vfound most efficient in eliminating all signs .descriptively rathersense and the scope Y "1. In a hydrocarbon 25y fuel vaporizing surface,

I have thus however, the specific terms-herein are used of the inventionis defined in the claims: j

porizing surface arranged .at an angle to the horizontal, .means forsupplyingliqui'd hydrocarbon fuel to said'surface .to flow over thesurface and means for supplying` water vapor to the inlet side of thedraft openings.

2. In a hydrocarbon burner, an inclined fuel vaporizing surface, ingliquid hydrocarbon fuel at the top of to flow down the vaporizing surairdraft openings directed face by gravity,

toward the vaporizingsurface and sub stan v tially :at right anglestosaid surface, and

means for mixing Water vaporfwith the fuel 'a vapor'as it is 1 3. Ina'hydrocarbon burner, a conical fuel vaporizer, means for releasingliquid hydrothe top ofthe cone to flow gravity, air draft openingsdirected toward the 'surface of the cone and substantially at rightangles l formed.

carbon fuel near down the conical surface byto said surface, and4 meansfor mixing water vapor with the fuel vapor as it is formed. 4:. In ahydrocarbon burner, an inclined means for vreleasing liquid hydrocarbonfuelat the topy of the incline to flow down the vaporizing surface bygravity, draft openings directed toward the vaporizing surface', meansfor supplying Water vapor to draft openings, and means .for supplying adownwardly directed draft of air to the top of the vaporizing surfacegiving an excess of the oxygen for combustion and preventingvaporization of the fuel before reaching the inclined surface.

5. In a hydrocarbon burner, an'inclined fuel vaporiziiig surface, meansfor releasing liquid hydrocarbon fuel at, the top of carbon depositwhich might result with v an insufficient supply 0f water vapor abovethe burner. f ofthe cone,'means described my invention spe- A cificallyand in detail in orde'r that its navture and operation may be fullyunderstood 20 lthanV in their limiting opening, a transverse` burner, afuel va` byv gravity, draft openings directed toward'the vaporizingsurface and substantially at right angles to said surface,

. plying water vapor to'- vapor as formed4 means for releasdraft inletopening,

the 'partitionthe inlet side of the' the incline to flow face bygravity, air draft openings directed toward the vaporizing surface,lmeans for mixing water vapor with the fuel vapor as it isrmed, and meansfor supplying a downwardly directed 'draft of air vto the top ofthevaporizing cess `of oxygen for combustion the inclined. surface.

- 6. In a'hydrocarbon burnena conical fuel forreleasing liquid hydroanexcess of oxygen to support combustion.

down' the vaporizing sur.

surface giving anex-y and preventving vaporization of the fuel beforereaching of the cone to iiow I ace by gravity, air

water vapor i 7. In a hydrocarbon burner in combination, a furnaceinclosure with a draft 'inlet draft, inlet opening, a above thepartition, an upwardly proyecting vfuel vaporizing member having aninclined surface above saidpartition, means for supplying liquid`hydrocarbon fuel to fthe sur`4 face of said vaporizing member,openingsin the partition directed ytoward 'the inclined surface of saidmemberrjand means for supmix 4with the fuel 8. In a hydrocarbon burnerin combination, a furnace inclosure with a draft inlet opening, atransverse partition above the abovethe artition, fuel vaporizing memberhaving an Iincline surface above.

'lying liquid hydrocarbon said partition,"meansfor sup.

vartiti'on above the raft outlet opening a draft outlet opening i 1 anupw ardlypro] ecting 7 aceof isaidg'yaporizing member, openings in v- .f

plying water vapor just rbeneath the transverse'partition.

9, In a hydrocarbon burner in combination, a furnace inclosure with adraft vinlet opening, a transverse partition above the draft inletopening, a draft outlet'aopening above the partition, an upwardlyprojectinor fuel vaporizing member having an incline surface above saidpartition, means for suphydrocarbon fuel to the surplying liquid face,of said vaporizingmember, openings in thepartition directed toward theinclined l0. In a hydrocarbon burner in combinafor supplying a downvthetop of said fuel vapor ldirected v toward the xinclined` Y, ysurfaceof' said member, and means for sup surface of said mem-ber, means forsupply--v charge openingnear the upper portion of' l the fuel vaporizingsurface.

face of said vaporizing member, openings `in the partition directedtoward the inclined surface of said member, means for supplyf ing watervapor justbeneath the transverse partition, and means for supplylng .adown draft directed at'the top. of said fuel vapor 12mg member,consisting of upright pas sages leading through the partition to a dis-11. In a hydrocarbon burner in combination, a furnace inclosure,atransverse partition therein with an inlet draftl opening below and anoutlet draft opening above, a

`-fuel vaporizing member having an inclined surface above the partition,a depression surrounding the vaporizing member with draft openings inthe outside wall of the depression directed at the inclined surface ofthe fuel vaporizer, means for supplying liquid hydrocarbon fuel to theto of the fuel Vaorizing member to flow own the surface .130l

y gravity, means for supplfingfa down draft consisting of upright uctsleading through. the transverse partition and discharging'downwardly onthe top of thev fuel yaporizmg member, and means for supplying Watervapor vat the point of vaporization of the fuel.

12. In a hydrocarbon burner in combination, a furnace inclosure, atransverse partition therein with an inlet draft opening below and anoutlet draft opening above, a fuel vaporizing member having an inclinedsurface above the partition, a depression in the transverse partitionsurrounding the'vaporizing member with draft openings in the partitiondirected at the inclined surface of the fuel yaporizer, means for.supplyin liquid hydrocarbon fuel to the ton of the fuel vaporizingmember to flow own the 4surface by gravity means for supplying a l.downdraft consistiiig of upright ducts leading through the transversepartition and discharging downwardly on the top of the fuel vaporizingmember, and means forsupplying Water vapor at the entrances to the draftopenings and ducts.

.13. In a hydrocarbon burner, a fuel vaporizing surface at an angle tothe horizontal, means for supplying liquid hydrocarbon fuel to the'vaporizing surface, to be distributed over the surface by gravity,means supplying a downwardly directedV draft of air to the top of thevaporizin surface, means forvmixing Water vapor Wit the fuel vapor as itis formed, and air draft openin s directed toward the vaporizing surfacesu stantially at right anglestliereto.

Signed by me at Baltimore, Maryland,

vthis 26 day of February, 1918.

